COMPOSITION
100ml of intravenous injection contains 5g of Dextrose.
100ml of intravenous injection contains 10g of Dextrose.
100ml of intravenous injection contains 50g of Dextrose.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Dextrose is a natural sugar, whose presence in the body is essential to life. It is transported into all living cells by facilitated diffusion.
After intravenous administration dextrose goes through fast (approximately 20 minutes) and slow phases of equilibration. The mean volume of distribution has been shown to be18.4± 3.39L in healthy adults 18± 4.36 in diabetic adults. Dextrose is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy.
INDICATIONS:
­Treatment of carbohydrate and fluid depletion.
­Treatment of severe hypoglycaemia.
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Dextrose 50% solution is contra­indicated in patients with anuria, intra­cranial or intra­spinal haemorrhage an in delirium tremens where there is dehydration.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Dextrose injections or infusions should be used with caution in patients with overt or sub clinical diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate intolerance, severe under­nutrition, thiamine deficiency, hypophosphataemia, haemodilution, sepsis, trauma, shock, metabolic acidosis and severe dehydration. Monitor blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.
INTERACTIONS
Dextrose solutions have been reported to be incompatible with the following drugs:
Cyanacobalamin, Kanamycin sulphate, novobiocin sodium and Warfarin Sodium.
Dextrose solutions should not be combined with blood transfusion as clumping of the red blood cells may occur.